Child Sexual Abuse

Child sexual abuse: A hidden type of abuse

Child sexual abuse is an especially complicated form of abuse because of its layers of guilt and shame. It’s important to recognize that sexual abuse doesn’t always involve body contact. Exposing a child to sexual situations or material is sexually abusive, whether or not touching is involved.

The frightening reality of child sexual abuse is that in over 80% of the cases, the child knows the abuser and in reality is being hurt by someone that child should be able to trust. Both boys and girls are at risk for sexual abuse. One in Four girls and One in Six boys will be sexually abused before reaching adulthood.

The problem of shame and guilt in child sexual abuse

In addition to the physical injury and long-term health problems sexual abuse may cause, the emotional trauma is damaging and far-reaching. Sexually abused children are tormented by shame and guilt. They may feel that they are responsible for the abuse or that they somehow brought it upon themselves. This can lead to self-blame and sexuality and sexual health issues as they grow older—exhibited through excessive promiscuity or an inability to have intimate relations.

The shame of sexual abuse makes it very difficult for children to speak out. They may worry that others won’t believe them, will be angry with them, or that it will split their family apart. They may have been told that something bad will happen to someone or something they love if they tell. They may be afraid of the abuser causing them physical harm if they tell. Because of these difficulties, false accusations of sexual abuse are not common, so if a child confides in you, take him or her seriously. Listen and then do something about it.

Warning signs of child abuse and neglect

The earlier child sexual abuse is caught, the better the chance of recovery and appropriate treatment for the child. Child abuse is rarely obvious. Abusers are very good at grooming the child they have targeted and have trained that child not to expose the abuse that is happening. By learning some of the common warning signs of child abuse and neglect, you can catch the problem as early as possible and get both the child and the abuser the help that they need.

Of course, just because you see a warning sign doesn’t automatically mean a child is being abused. In Indiana every individual is obligated to report a suspicion of child abuse or neglect. http://law.findlaw.com/state-laws/child-abuse/indiana/

If you are concerned about the welfare and safety of a child it is better to report and allow the authorities to investigate.

Warning signs of emotional abuse in children

Excessively withdrawn, fearful, or anxious about doing something wrong.
Shows extremes in behavior (extremely compliant or extremely demanding; extremely passive or extremely aggressive).
Doesn’t seem to be attached to the parent or caregiver.
Acts either inappropriately adult (taking care of other children) or inappropriately infantile (rocking, thumb-sucking, tantrums).

Warning signs of physical abuse in children

Frequent injuries or unexplained bruises, welts, or cuts.
Is always watchful and “on alert,” as if waiting for something bad to happen.
Injuries appear to have a pattern such as marks from a hand or belt.
Avoids touch, flinches at sudden movements, or seems afraid to go home.
Wears inappropriate clothing to cover up injuries, such as long-sleeved shirts on hot days.

Warning signs of neglect in children

Clothes are ill-fitting, filthy, or inappropriate for the weather.
Hygiene is consistently bad (unbathed, matted and unwashed hair, noticeable body odor).
Untreated illnesses and physical injuries.
Is frequently unsupervised or left alone or allowed to play in unsafe situations and environments.
Is frequently late or missing from school.

Warning signs of sexual abuse in children

Trouble walking or sitting.
Displays knowledge or interest in sexual acts inappropriate to his or her age, or even seductive behavior.
Makes strong efforts to avoid a specific person, without an obvious reason.
Doesn’t want to change clothes in front of others or participate in physical activities.
An STD or pregnancy, especially under the age of 14.
Runs away from home.

Reporting and Identifying Child Abuse

Call the Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline: 800-800-5556